JISC Collections Strategy, 2004–2006
1. Mission statements
The JISC Mission:
‘To provide world-class leadership in innovative use of ICT to support
education and research’
The JISC Collection Team Mission:
‘To negotiate for and where appropriate to license quality assured
electronic materials that will provide the JISC community with a range of
resources to support education and research’
2. Collection Building
The following four distinct areas inform JISC’s collection-building
activity. In each year, JISC aims to provide a range of new resources from
each of these areas:
Heritage Collections
Definition: Digitised images of rare and
inaccessible material such as journal back files and books.
Rationale: The provision of online resources such as these allows
researchers, teachers and students unlimited access to primary source
materials otherwise only available at a limited number of specialist
libraries. Heritage collections allow lecturers and teachers to assign the
most challenging of tasks without worrying about the depth of library
resources available while allowing researchers to follow lines of enquiry
that would not otherwise be possible.
Innovative Resources
Definition: An innovative online resource is one
that enriches the student experience in a new way or provides for creative
teaching or original research. Innovation may also apply to new business
models that provide the JISC community with cost-effective access to online
resources.
Rationale: Planned seed funding is sometimes required so that the
JISC community can try out innovative resources or business models. Such
funding – usually provided through subsidised subscription rates – provides
for the type of experimentation that can lead to cultural change. This seed
funding also provides JISC with an influential voice with publishers in the
development of content for the JISC community. The JISC community will not
ultimately adopt all innovations but measured risk-taking in the form of
non-recoverable subsidy is essential to allow for assessment and testing of
new types of online resources. Such funding also contributes to a growing
knowledge bank and informs future collection building and developments.
Specialist Resources
Definition: Resources that provide high value to
those teaching or studying in a particular discipline. The specialist
nature of these resources sometimes means that they are prohibitively
expensive at the normal commercial rates.
Rationale: JISC-funded negotiations and licensing can ensure that
such resources are available to the JISC community at subscription prices
and on terms and conditions that would not usually be possible.
Mature Resources
Description: Electronic resources progress through
a life cycle – many beginning life as innovative or specialist resources.
As the use of these resources in the JISC community becomes well
established they move through the cycle to mature. Continual evaluation is
required to assess where a particular resource or type of resource is in
this life cycle and its value to the JISC community. This is a fast-paced
and rapidly developing environment and not all resources stand the test of
time. JISC will not necessarily continue to support all resources as they
enter the mature phase of their cycle. However, JISC will continue to
negotiate or license resources that are well established and relevant and
where the publisher’s use of JISC Model Licence and the realistic
JISC-banded subscription rates are well established.
Rationale: Negotiation at the national level for mature resources
ensures that JISC continues to exert influence over terms and conditions
and subscription price. It also ensures that JISC leads in the development
and implementation of new business models that provide cost and/or other
benefits for its community.
2.1 Economic models
The economic models required to build the national collections are dynamic
and will continue to be so. Therefore, JISC will keep the models utilised
by the Collections Team under review. Nevertheless, the following models
provide a framework for negotiations for content acquisition.
Heritage Collections
The static nature and high value of these scholarly
collections allows JISC to provide access and financial benefit to the JISC
community through perpetual licences at a national level. This means a
one-off payment, which allows JISC to make the resource available to all
the institutions within its community.
JISC is sometimes able to make one-time payments to publishers for the
content in Heritage Collections; in such cases sustainability of the
content is not an issue and institutions are not required to pay
subscription fees towards the cost of content. However, the cost of the
data hosting and delivery service is ongoing and in order to ensure that
these services are sustainable, institutions are required to pay access
fees.
Innovative Resources
Such resources can originate from the commercial sector or
from the JISC community. The JISC national data centres often play an
important part in developing exemplar services for the educational
community. JISC provides the planned subsidy; in most cases the subsidy
will decrease so that new resources, services or models recover their costs
after five-years. There are exceptional cases where full cost recovery is
not possible and long-term subsidy is required in order to ensure the JISC
community has access to important resources.
Specialist Resources
Careful consultation with the JISC community should ensure
that subscription take-up is predicted accurately. This means that JISC can
negotiate excellent terms for its community and recover all
payments made to publishers and content owners. Exceptionally it will
not be possible to recover all such payments in the short term and planned
subsidy may be required for essential resources.
Mature Resources
There are two methods employed in this area. In the first of
these methods, JISC or its agent undertakes negotiation at a national level
but the contractual relationship (licence agreement) is directly between
the publisher and the subscribing institutions. Under this model, the JISC
Collections Team may outsource the negotiation activity, as is already the
case with the NESLi2 journal negotiations.
In the second of these methods, JISC enters into a direct relationship with
the publisher as licensee and then in turn sub-licenses it to the JISC
community. In such cases, there is no financial risk to JISC in terms of
advance payment but there is a cost to JISC through its activities in
endorsing and promoting the resource, collecting subscriptions and passing
those subscriptions to the publishers. However, such an arrangement
provides JISC with an influential voice and enables it to negotiate
agreements that provide the JISC community with excellent value for money.
2.2 Resource evaluation and framework
The Information Environment is very fast moving and users’ requirement and
expectations change rapidly. Developments in virtual learning and research
environments increasingly provide opportunities for non-linear and
multimedia content which contribute in a new and innovative way to the
whole educational experience.
Against this background the Collections Team will develop a framework and
tools for resource evaluation. This will take account of the lifecycle of
resources as they move, for example, from innovation to maturity, as
well as reviewing resources that may cease
to contribute effectively to the collection portfolio and so may need
to be removed. JISC will commission a study to establish a lifecycle
evaluation framework that will include transparent criteria for product
evaluation and compliance with Information Environment standards. This
study will provide the JISC community with clear and consistent checklists
and indicators on the content, interface, interoperability and other
standards of individual resources.
3. Collections Team Working Groups
Six Working Groups support the Collections Team in acquiring online
resources for the higher and further education communities. The Working
Groups are up made of representatives from the educational community and
each group meets three times each year. Typically, there are five members
from the further education community and five members from the higher
education community in each group. In addition, there may be
representatives from external agencies when they can provide expertise in a
particular acquisition area. The six format-based groups cover the
following areas:
3.1 Remit of the Working Groups
Journals Working Group
Provides the Collections Team with advice at a strategic level about the
NESLi2 scheme, the JISC-managed journal negotiation project. Each year
NESLi2 negotiates the best possible agreements with the ten journal
publishers selected by a survey of the JISC community. The Journals Working
Group is also responsible for developing and advancing strategy for
cost-effective content acquisition and delivery of journals, which takes
account of the dynamic nature of the journals marketplace and the changing
and evolving needs of the JISC community.
Back to: 3. Collections Team Working Groups
e-books Working Group
Provides leadership on economic, cultural and technical issues, and advice
on embedding the use of e-books within the JISC community. JISC usually
negotiates with e-books publishers based on the endorsement model only
(where JISC does not take any financial risk and does not make any advance
payment to the publisher).
Back to: 3. Collections Team Working Groups
Images Working Group
The use of digital images in research and education is still relatively
new; the need for images in education is still emerging. The Images Working
Group aims to enable the enhanced availability and use of image
material for learning and teaching and research in the JISC communities,
for example, by promoting exemplars that demonstrate how the images in the
Education Image Gallery directly support the teaching of the National
Curriculum in Further Education.
As a result of the innovative nature of images in education and research,
most libraries are able to allocate only limited funds for subscriptions to
image collections. The Images Working Group endorsed the launch of the JISC
Education Image Gallery in January 2004. This is the first JISC service
designed specifically to provide a fully searchable collection of images
for use in further and higher education. The Images Working Group is
responsible for raising awareness and promoting the use of this service. It
is also responsible for using the experience gained from the Education
Image Gallery Service to develop and advance the strategy for increasing
the range of images available to the JISC community. Such expansion of the
collections of moving images will endeavour to provide long-term
sustainability while taking account of the price-sensitive nature of these
collections and thus the likely need for subsidised subscription rates.
Back to: 3. Collections Team Working Groups
Moving Pictures and Sound Working
Group
The use of online moving images and sound in research and education is very
new; the applications of these digitised resources are only just emerging.
The Moving Images and Sound Working Group steers the development of
Education Media Online (EMOL). This is the first JISC service designed
specifically to provide the JISC community with a collection of moving
images and sound for use in research and education. The Working Group
intends that this service will be freely available to the JISC community
until July 2005.
This Group also provides the JISC Executive with advice about two JISC CSR
Digitisation Programme projects (The British Library Archival Sound
Recordings and the ITN Newsfilm Online).
The Group is responsible for raising awareness and promoting the use of the
EMOL Service and other JISC digitised collections. It is also responsible
for using the experience gained from the EMOL Service to develop and
advance the strategy for increasing the range of moving image and sound
collections available to the JISC community. Such expansion of the
collections of moving images will endeavour to provide long-term
sustainability while taking account of the price-sensitive nature of these
collections and thus the likely need for subsidised subscription rates.
Back to: 3. Collections Team Working Groups
Geospatial Working Group
Geospatial Information Data at the usual commercial rates would be
prohibitively expensive for the JISC community. However, JISC has been able
to provide the research and education community with the Ordnance Survey
Data through the subsidised and groundbreaking DIGIMAP service. The
Geospatial Working Group will provide advice and guidance on the
development of the DIGIMAP successor, which will deliver the highly
advanced Ordnance Survey MasterMap data to the JISC community.
The Group will also provide advice on the setting up of a new service to
provide the LANDMARK Historic Map Data. The JISC community has not had
access to this data before and has no experience of their use, so there
will also be an emphasis on developing and promoting their applications in
education.
In addition, the Geospatial Working Group will continue to advise the JISC
Collections Team on building a comprehensive collection of Geospatial Data.
Back to: 3. Collections Team Working Groups
Learning Materials Working
Group
The use of online learning materials in education is very new. The
applications of these resources are only just emerging and as yet there is
only a limited amount of learning material available from the commercial
sector. The Learning Materials Working Group will provide advice and
guidance as JISC endeavours to form partnerships with publishers, business
and commercial organisations, and the education sector to develop online
resources that meet the emerging needs of the JISC community.
In addition, the Learning Materials Working Group will continue to provide
evaluation and advice about potential new acquisitions and in particular
their value in education. It is recognised that the agenda of the Working
Group may, at times, overlap with that of the other Working Groups. Members
of the group, as well as the Collections Team, will keep a watching brief
and advise on where collaboration is required.
Back to: 3. Collections Team Working Groups
3.2 Resource Discovery Working Group
In addition to the six areas outlined above the Collections Team needs to
take into account the continual changes in the resource discovery
environment. Developments in this area affect decisions taken on
the licensing of abstracting and indexing databases, but also more
generally and fundamentally they influence emerging trends in the
Information Environment. At the time of writing, UKOLN is undertaking a
resource discovery landscaping study. JISC will constitute a
Resource Discovery Working Group to take forward the
findings of this study.
A number of organisations license and purchase Primary Research
Data on behalf of the research and education communities. JISC
will set up a regular forum for sharing and collaboration between these
groups.
4. Virtual Subject Group
The JISC Collections Team also requires collection building and product
evaluation advice from subject experts. Such expertise provides a different
perspective to that provided by the format-based Working Groups, informing
the Collections Team on subject-related issues and also on user needs and
types of use within the disciplines.
Membership will include teachers, researchers, information professionals
and subject experts from the Higher Education Academy and professional
societies. The Virtual Groups will liaise with other established user
groups within the educational community and provide the JISC Collections
Team with evaluation of specific online resources and gaps in the
collection portfolio.
The eight subject areas are as follows:
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Engineering, mathematics and computing
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Geography and environment
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Arts & creative industries
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Humanities
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Hospitality, leisure, sport and tourism
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Physical sciences
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Social science, business and law
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Health, medicine and life sciences
These groups cover the discipline areas identified by the Research
Assessment Exercise, the Higher Education Academy and the further
education curriculum.
5. Collections Team Strategic Aims
Strategic aims for the JISC Collections Team:
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To develop an online collection portfolio informed by format, subject and
user, available and accessible to all the JISC communities
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To work with all the JISC institutions and committees to promote, embed
and support the use of electronic resources in research and education,
recognising that the JISC website is an important tool in this process
and requires development
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To collaborate with other relevant agencies, for example, the National
Health Service, the Research Libraries Group, the National Learning
Network, the Department for Education and Skills and Eduserv Chest, in
providing access to services and collections
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To engage with all stakeholders including librarians, publishers,
academics, e-learning advisors via projects, surveys and consultation
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To develop and implement a content evaluation process that recognises the
dynamic nature of the information environment
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To take the lead in developing and implementing sustainable business
models for the licensing and acquisition of mature and specialist online
resources
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To recommend subsidy for innovative online products which support the
JISC Collections Team’s mission
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To license, in perpetuity, digital archives which support the UK academic
research agenda and to liaise with other relevant organisations working
in the area of digital preservation
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To develop and implement a clear quality assurance process that clarifies
the standards compliance of resources for the education and
publishing communities
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To take the lead in developing and implementing standard terms and
conditions for the licensing of online resources
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To negotiate the best prices and terms and conditions for bibliographic
databases and datasets, full-text journals and e-books as prioritised by
the JISC community
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To license and arrange for the delivery of a range of images, moving
images, sound and geospatial images that will form a core resource across
a wide range of subject areas in further and higher education